Gross Domestic Product (GPD) - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2401 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is defined by John (1999) as the total market value of all the final goods and services produced within a nations borders in a given time period. Each goods and services produced and brought in the market has a price.  The price of the total output is called as GDP.  It can be measured by either cumulating all the income earned in the economy or all the spending in the economy and both measures should roughly equate to the same total.  Real GDP is the total GDP has been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation.  This allows one to compare GDP figures and changes from one country to another other time and thus evaluates what a countrys economy is actually worth in terms of particular years product prices. In nowadays, real GDP is widely used by policymakers, economists, international agencies and the media as the primary scorecard of a nations economic health and well-being.  People believe that the standard of living is close ly tied to the real GDP.  This generally signifies that the economy is wealthier and producing more, individuals are better off, and that living standards are higher.  However, people more recently argue that real GDP in certain circumstances could not fully represent peoples standard of living.  In this essay, I am going to examine the extents in detail by analyzing the real GDP from different perspectives.  However, the essay will mainly address the limitation of real GDP to show that real GDP could not represent the correct value of the economy; therefore it may not adequately measure the standard of living. Real GDP only includes the total domestic production of an economy and the output of some goods and services are unrecorded, which in the long run results understate the total real GDP.  We can view this problem from national and international perspective.  First, we look at the national level.  In a country, items which are not made to sell in market are exc luded from the real GDP as there is no money exchange in hands.  For in stance, someone plants vegetable for himself and does not take the vegetable to market, the value of the vegetable is not included in the real GDP.  However, if this person sells the vegetable in the market, the value of the vegetable adds to real GDP.  Another situation is black market.  Many self-employed people normally undertaken their job privately, therefore they are usually paid by cash.  If they dont declare their income for tax purpose, then this type of income is excluding from real GDP as well.  Consequently, real GDP may even not be able to reflect the correct value of a countrys economy as a whole from national perspective.  It is hard to say it could adequately measure the standard of living. From the international perspective, real GDP measure the output of the home economy of a country and thus excludes over-seas enterprises that may be taking place. In a world which is increasin gly globalising and in which Trans-National countries are becoming increasingly important, this can be significant in some cases. For example Japan has many over-seas enterprises; particularly car-factories which often locate in the EU to produce cars for the EU there at a lower cost inside tax barriers imposed by the EU. However, these companies act somewhat as a drain to these EU economies and a boon to the Japanese economy as they send back considerable profits made to Japan to be used in further investment rather than directing money earned into the economy where the factory is located. In effect, consumer spending in the EU countries is still sent to the firms as expenditure for their services, but it is Japanese firms that the money is being sent to: it is foreign spending boosting the Japanese companies and thus indirectly their economy. These external monies earned over-seas are excluded from Japans total real GDP figures as they are not domestic output, but this over-seas o utput is still a significant output by Japanese companies which earns monies for usage in Japan. In this situation, the external monies excluded from real GDP may lead the real GDP of Japan relatively lower than it should have been and as a result the standard of living in Japan should also have been reasonable lower than it should have been.  However, in the practice, the living standard of Japan is still high in the world.  This is because although overseas earning is excluded from Japans real GDP, the profit brought from overseas to Japan could help Japan to boost its economy.  Thus the economy gets wealthier; the standard of living gets higher.  People may argue that the standard of living in Japan is high because its real GDP has always been high.  Whilst it is true that real GDP of Japan is always high in the world, we should not ignore that with the overseas output added to Japans real GDP may result even higher real GDP but same standard of living.  It gives u s a logical conclusion that a country with its most income from overseas entities may result a pretty lower real GPD but good standard of living. Consequently, real GDP could not adequately measure the standard of living from international perspective. GDP is only focus on a nations production, but the production may be a poor indicator of peoples standard of living.  It is because production does not equal to consumptions.  Production only provides basis for people to consume, but the right to consume is held by the people in the country.  If GDP rises as a result of an increase in investment, this will not lead to a rise in current standard of living.  It will, we only can say it helps to raise the future consumption.  If production increases, this may be due to technological advance.  However, if the increase is as a result of people having to work harder or longer hours; its net benefit will be less.  This is because although the real GDP is raised as a result o f increase in production, people are living more stressed and tired which is not improving the living standard but make its worse. Furthermore, real GDP figures can be misleading, for example, a growing economy may have rising production levels but also may have a large or growing population which works against any positive effect on the standards of living.  The most specific case is China.  China has one of the fastest growing economies, with average 7% GDP growth for 11 years in the world.  Chinas real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2002 was more than eight times that of 1978, the year when Deng Xiaoping launched the countrys economic reform program. Its real GDP growth, which has averaged 10% per year during 1980 2001, had slowed to a range of 7 8 % per year during 1998 2002 (IMF Survey 2003).  Standards and Poors DRI, a private international forecasting firm, projects Chinas GDP to grow at an average annual rate of 7% over the next 15 years (Morrison 2000). Al though China has a rapid growth GDP, China remains a poor country in peoples standard of living.  The Chinese leadership faces profound challenges as it seeks to sustain rapid economic growth and deliver rising living standards to its population. It must further cut tariff levels and eliminate non tariff barriers in order to meet WTO requirement. This opens up the economy to even more foreign competitions and stimulates structural changes that will add to the unemployment which at 2003 stood at 170 million (Wolf 2003). Apart from the unemployment issue, Chinas leadership must grapple with income inequality, which is increasing on virtually every identifiable dimension. Both unemployment and income inequality could trigger social unrest.  This is because China has the largest population in the world and it is really difficult to make everybody rich at the same time with little money.  Following the economy growth in china, many people have improved their standard of living but a lot people are still living poorly.  The income inequity has made people live very differently in China and this could cost problem for the society as a whole.  For instance, the poor people could commit crime like stealing, robbery, in order to cope with their life.  Consequently, the growth of real GDP did not lead the improving of standard of living for the society as a whole. In another words, GDP sometimes could not fully represent the standard of living. Moreover, the standard of living of country is always affected by the government policies, which have little relation to its real GDP.  For instance, several countries have a high real GDP but are ranked comparatively lower down on the Human Development Index published by the UNDP. This is because although the governments have the funds, they are not utilizing them on improvement in the living standards. This is mainly noticed in the sub Saharan and Middle Eastern countries like Botswana, U.A.E, Qatar, Saudi Arabi a, Iran, and Equatorial Guinea and so on. On the other hand, many countries are following a free market policy today, which means minimum government intervention. In this kind of an economy, foreign investment increases and there is a greater flow of goods into the country.  Some economists believe that when there is more investment and money is flowing into the economy leading to development there is bound to be an increase in the income of the entire nation, thus increase in the real GDP and leading to better standards of living.  However, although there is an increase in real GDP, the rich get to cash in on the opportunities while the poor get even more impoverished. A large disparity in wealth can be observed in these nations, and although economy has increased phenomenally, living standards continue to remain disastrous.  An example can be taken by Thailand. Next, real GDP only evaluate the standard of living in the monetary term, which ignore the factors which are also important for people in the standard of living, such as environment.  In view of the fact of the industrial revolution, world wide economic growth has been mostly based on the high consumption of natural resources and energy. This model contributed to the heavy cost of high consumption, low benefits and serious pollution. Although the increase of real GDP result the growth of economy of a country, the industry developed speedily and caused serious pollution to the environment, which was demonstrated by a series of environmental pollution incidents shocking the world.  Development of resources, energy demand and the pollution that results have seriously reduced the amount and quality of natural communities of plants and animals all over the World. They have also led to a process of atmospheric warming which now causes a threat of climate change. Some people argue that Pollution has to be stopped at source. Economic growth has to be limited and the health and safety of the pl anet must become the main criteria in political and social development to maintain the quality of life which can be improved for all groups on the planet.  In this situation, the growth of real GDP does not lead the increase in the standard of living.  Quite oppositely, the more growth in real GDP, the terribly the environment get polluted and the worse the quality of the peoples life is. Another, real GDP ignores the distribution of income.  If some people gain and others lose, we cannot say that there has been an increase in standard of living.  Typical example is china.  Following the fast growth of economy, a lot people grow very rich while others are left behind.  In average, china still poor in living standard.  In addition, employment is an important factor in evaluating living standard. Suppose everybody in a country is employed, then there would not be anybody leaving behind.  A country with pretty high real GDP does not mean everybody is employed because the higher real GDP may be due to investment in road, office and etc, which is irrelevant to employment.  In another words, the percentage the labour that could distribute from national income is an indicator to determine whether people in this country is rich enough to cope with their living.  The more the labour is distributed from the national income, the more people get employed and the higher the living standard could be.  In contract, the less the labour gets distributed from national income, the less people get employed and the poor the people might be.  Consequently, the figure of real GDP does not decide the standard of living; the percentage of labour distributed to national income which is related to the total real GDP is the indicator. In conclusion, it can be clearly seen that real GDP can not always adequately measure the standard of living of a nation from various perspectives. Firstly, Real GDP only includes the total domestic production of an economy thu s understates the wealth of economy.  Therefore real GDP could not show the full position of a countrys economy, thus it is difficult to measure the standard of living.  Secondly, real GDP ignore the income distribution.  A country with higher real GDP may still present poor living standard because the situation that some people get richer but others get poorer does not show a high standard of living.  Thirdly, real GDP only evaluate the standard of living in the monetary term, which ignores the factors which are also important for people in the standard of living, such as environment.  A countrys higher real GDP is based on the cost of environment could not indicate a good standard of living.  Fourthly, the growth of real GDP does not always lead to improvement in living standards. All countries must place emphasis on balanced and sustainable development that also takes into account human needs centered development. Although the growth of real GDP is very important to e very country, we should not ignore the peoples living standard.  All in all, real GDP could not adequately measure the standard of living in circumstances. Reference IMF Survey, (2003), A tale of two giants: India China, vol. 32, no: 21 22, December 15, Available: https://www.imf.org/imfsurvey, (Accessed: 2004, June 11). John, S. (1999),  Macroeconomics, Prentice Hall Australia. Morrison, W.M. (2000), Chinas Economic Conditions, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Division, Available: https://www.ncseonline.org, (Accessed: 2004, May 20). Wolf, C. (2003), Eight threats to Chinas economic miracle, South China Morning Post, August 7, Available: https://www.rand.org.html, (Accessed: 2004, May 20). exceptionally low base, Don’t waste time! 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To Live in a Vermin’s World A Marxist View of Kafka’s...

To Live in a Vermin’s World: A Marxist View of Kafka’s The Metamorphosis One of the honors for ‘greatest theories’ in contemporary civilization has to be awarded to Marxism. Invented in late 19th century by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Marxism has had great influences on the development of modern society. Despite its eventual failure, Marxism once led to numerous revolutions that working classes raised against the ruling parties in different countries. Consequently, it paved the way for the erection of the Berlin Wall, the formation of the Warsaw Treaties—communist camp confronting NATO, and the establishment of a world super power, the Soviet Union at the dawn of this century. Even decades later, after all those Marxist milestones†¦show more content†¦From the Marxist view, the process of the metamorphosis symbolizes the class struggle of the proletariat to break out of a life of being exploited. Such representation is displayed in the similarity between the causes, natures, and endings of Gregor’s transformation an d those of proletarian struggles. Realistically, it is impossible for men to turn into bugs; thus, Gregor’s metamorphosis has some concrete meaning beyond simply a biological transformation. Applying Marxist theories, the process of the metamorphosis represents the struggle proletarians raise against the controlling bourgeoisie class. Firstly, Gregor is in the right social position for such a struggle to take place. Gregor and his family are proletarians whereas his boss is a typical bourgeois. In the main guide of communism, â€Å"The Manifesto of the Communist Party,† Marx defines the proletariat as including all people who possess no assets and live only on salaries (Marx 128). Gregor, accordingly, belongs to this class for he has no business of his own but is leading a life of working for others (Kafka 4). Similarly, such classification into the proletariat is true for all other family members who do not even work. By contrast, the boss of the company that Gregor works for owns the capital and is, h ence, seated in the social upper class—the bourgeoisie. According to Marxist theory, Gregor’s family and the boss are in the two opposite classes. Now that Gregor is a proletarian, his situation conforms

The Forbidden Game The Hunter Chapter 3 Free Essays

string(27) " and looked at her mother\." God-the box, Jenny thought. Michael was the sort who would potter around the room reading your mail and opening your drawers in an absentminded way. Insatiably curious. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Hunter Chapter 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She followed him. Her stomach knotted at the sight of it, pristine and rectangular and gleaming on her mother’s solid ponderosa pine coffee table. Jenny’s mother had worked very hard with a very expensive decorator to make sure the living room looked â€Å"natural and inevitable and not at all arty.† There were Navajo weavings and Hopi baskets on the walls, Zuni pots on the floor, and a Chimayo rug above the fireplace. Jenny wasn’t allowed to touch any of them. Calm down, she told herself. But even approaching the white box was strangely difficult. She picked it up and realized that her palms were sweaty enough to stick to it. Thrummm. The current tingled through her fingers. The feeling of something wrong increased. Oh, hell! I’ll just throw the thing away, Jenny thought, surprised at the relief the idea brought. We’ll play canasta. Michael, munching spring rolls, was eyeing her with interest. â€Å"What’s that? A present?† â€Å"No-just a game I bought, but I’m going to get rid of it. Michael, do you know how to play canasta?† â€Å"Nope. So where’s the sun bunny?† â€Å"Not here yet-oh, that’s probably her. Would you get the door?† Michael just looked vaguely at the plate in his one hand and the roll in his other. Jenny ran to the hallway, still holding the box. Summer Parker-Pearson was tiny, with thistledown hair and dimples you wanted to poke your fingers into. She was wearing a china blue shirtdress and shivering. â€Å"It’s freezing out here. How’re we going to go swimming, Jenny?† â€Å"We’re not,† Jenny said gently. â€Å"Oh. Then why did I bring my bathing suit? Here’s my present.† She piled a shirt box wrapped in maroon paper on top of the white box Jenny was holding, added a small tote bag to the stack, and headed for the living room. Jenny followed, put all the things on the coffee table, then pulled the white box from beneath them. Thrum. Summer was saying hello to Mike and Zach and Dee. â€Å"Look,† Jenny said, â€Å"if you guys will excuse me for a second-† She was cut off by the doorbell. This time she didn’t want anybody else to answer it. â€Å"I’ll get it.† Tom was on the doorstep. He looked good. Of course, he always looked good to Jenny, but tonight he was especially handsome, really devilishly good-looking, with his dark brown hair neat and short and his smile faintly mocking. Tom wore simple clothes like other guys, but somehow he wore them differently. He could make a pair of Basic Jeans look as if they’d been tailored for him. Tonight he was wearing a teal T-shirt under a button-down shirt that was simply a beautiful blue, an intense color that reminded Jenny of something. â€Å"Hi,† Jenny said. He grinned rakishly and held out an arm to her. Jenny went willingly, as always, but she hung on to the box. â€Å"Tom, there’s something I want to talk to you about, alone. It’s hard to explain-â€Å" â€Å"Oh, no, I’m getting ‘Dear Johnned’ on my birthday,† he said loudly, arm still around her, leading her down the hallway to the living room. â€Å"Quit it,† Jenny said, exasperated. â€Å"Can you please be serious for a minute?† Tom was clearly in no mood to be serious. He waltzed her into the living room, where everyone but Audrey was sitting around laughing and talking. He ignored her protests, which were growing fainter anyway. Tom always made Jenny feel better, and it was hard to stay worried with him around. All her fears of shadows and thrumming boxes seemed faraway and childish. Still, she felt a prickle of unease as he took the box from her, asking, â€Å"What’s this? For me?† â€Å"It’s a game,† Michael said, â€Å"about which Jenny’s being very mysterious. She can’t let go of it, apparently.† â€Å"I understand why,† Tom said as he shook the box to hear the rattle. Jenny looked at him sharply. He didn’t seem to be joking, or at least no more than usual, but how could you say that about a blank white box? Why should Tom look so deeply intrigued by it, shifting it in his hands eagerly? There is something about it, Jenny thought, opening her mouth to speak. But just then her mother came in from the back of the house, fastening an earring and wafting perfume. Jenny shut her mouth again. Mrs. Thornton had been blond like Jenny when she was young, but over the years her hair had darkened to a golden brown, honey-in-shadow tone. She smiled at everyone and said happy birthday to Tom. â€Å"Now, let me see,† she said to Jenny, â€Å"Joey’s out of the way at the Stensons’, and we’ll be back late Sunday, so everything should be ready for you.† Then, as Jenny’s father appeared behind her with a small suitcase, she added earnestly, â€Å"Dear one, I know you’re going to break something. Just don’t let it be the R. C. Gorman vase, all right? It cost fifteen hundred dollars, and your father is deeply attached to it. Otherwise, clean up whatever you destroy and try to keep the roof on.† â€Å"If it comes off, we’ll nail it back,† Jenny promised, then kissed her mother’s smooth Shalimar-scented cheek without embarrassment. â€Å"Krazy Glue in the kitchen drawer,† Jenny’s father muttered in her ear as she kissed him in turn. â€Å"But watch out for the R. C. Gorman vase. Your mother would die.† â€Å"We won’t go near it,† Jenny said. â€Å"And no †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her father made a vague fiddling gesture with one hand. He was looking at Tom in a way that Jenny thought was what people meant when they said askance. He’d taken to looking like that at Tom lately. â€Å"Daddy!† â€Å"You know what I mean. Only the girls are staying the night, right?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"Right.† Her father pushed his wire-framed glasses higher on his nose, squared his shoulders, and looked at her mother. You read "The Forbidden Game: The Hunter Chapter 3" in category "Essay examples" They both glanced around the living room one last time-as if to remember it-and then, like a pair of fatalistic soldiers, they turned and marched out the door. â€Å"Don’t have much faith in us, do they?† Michael said, looking after them. â€Å"It’s the first time I’ve had a party while they’ve been away for the weekend,† said Jenny. â€Å"That they know about,† she added thoughtfully. When she looked back, Tom had the box open. â€Å"Oh-† Jenny said. And that was all she said. Because Tom was lifting out sheets of thick, glossy tagboard, printed in colors so vibrant they glowed. Jenny saw doors and windows, a porch, a turret. Shingles. â€Å"It’s a dollhouse,† said Summer. â€Å"No, I mean one of those paper thingies, like you get in the big flat books and cut out. A paper house.† Not a game, Jenny thought. And not dangerous. Just a kids’ toy. She felt a wave of relaxation soften her, and when Audrey called from the kitchen that the food was ready, she went almost dreamily. Tom was suitably surprised and impressed at the Chinese dinner, and the fact that Audrey was responsible for it. â€Å"You can cook!† â€Å"Of course I can cook. Why is it that everyone assumes I’m a mere social ornament?† She looked at him from under spiky lashes and smiled. Tom smiled back, maintaining eye contact. Audrey kept flirting as she served him, smiling up at him, allowing her fingers to touch his as she handed him a plate. But when he moved away, she slanted a grim, significant glance at Jenny. You see? that glance said. Jenny returned the look benevolently. Tom was always nice to other girls, and it didn’t bother her. It didn’t mean anything. She was feeling very pleased with the world as they all filled their plates and went back to the living room. There was no formal dining. They all sat around the coffee table, some on leather footstools, some directly on the Mexican paved tiles. Jenny was surprised that the white box with the sheets of tagboard wasn’t already put aside. â€Å"You got some scissors?† asked Zach. â€Å"Actually, an X-Acto knife would be better. And a metal ruler, and glue.† Jenny stared at him. â€Å"You’re going to make it?† â€Å"Sure, why not? It looks like a good model.† â€Å"It’s cute,† Summer said and giggled. â€Å"You’ve got to be kidding,† Jenny said. â€Å"A paper house †¦Ã¢â‚¬  She looked around for support. â€Å"It’s a game,† Dee said. â€Å"See, there are instructions on the back of the lid. Scary instructions.† She shot a barbaric smile around the room. â€Å"I like them.† Michael, with bits of spring roll hanging out of his mouth, looked alarmed. â€Å"But how can you play a game with a paper house?† Jenny felt her voice going weak again as she saw the way Tom was looking at her. The way only Tom could look-charming, persuasive, and tragic. It was all a put-on, but Jenny could never resist. â€Å"Oh, all right, you big baby,† she said. â€Å"If you really want it. I should have gotten you a rattle and a pacifier, too.† Shaking her head, she went off to fetch the scissors. They put the model together as they ate, occasionally getting grease on the tagboard, gesturing with chopsticks. Tom supervised, naturally. Zach did a lot of the cutting; he’d had practice matting the photographs he took. Jenny watched his careful, clever fingers transform the flat sheets of paper into a three-foot-high Victorian house and was forced into admiration. It had three floors and a turret and was open in front like a dollhouse. The roof was removable. Sheet after sheet had to be cut out to make all the chimneys and cornices and balconies and eaves, but no one got tired of working, and only Michael complained. Tom seemed delighted with the whole thing. Even Audrey, whom Jenny would have thought far too sophisticated to enjoy this, lent an experienced hand. â€Å"Look, here’s some furniture to put inside-are you done with the first floor, Zach? You see, this is the parlor, and here’s a little parlor table. Gothic Revival, I think. Mother has one. I’ll put it†¦ here.† â€Å"Here’s a sort of Oriental screen thing,† Summer said. â€Å"I’ll put it by the table for the dolls to look at.† â€Å"There aren’t any dolls,† said Jenny. â€Å"Yes, there are,† Dee said and grinned. She’d curled her long legs up and was reading the instructions to herself. â€Å"And they’re us. It says we each get a paper doll for a playing piece, and we draw our own face on it, and then we move the pieces through the house, trying to get to the turret at the top. That’s the game.† â€Å"You said it was scary,† Tom objected. â€Å"I didn’t finish. It’s a haunted house. You run into a different nightmare in every room while you’re trying to get to the top. And you have to watch out for the Shadow Man.† â€Å"The what?† Jenny said. â€Å"The Shadow Man. He’s like the Sandman, only he brings you nightmares. He’s lurking around inside, and if he catches you, he’ll-well, listen. He’ll ‘bring to life your darkest fantasies and make you confess your most secret fears,'† she read with obvious enjoyment. â€Å"All right!† said Tom. â€Å"Oh, geez,† said Michael. â€Å"What kind of darkest fantasies?† said Summer. Mystery, thought Jenny. Danger. Seduction. Fear. Secrets revealed. Desires unveiled. Temptation. â€Å"What’s wrong with you, Thorny?† Tom said affectionately. â€Å"You’re so nervous.† â€Å"It’s just-I don’t know if I like this game.† Jenny looked up at him. â€Å"But you do, don’t you?† â€Å"Sure.† His hazel eyes, brown flecked with green, were sparkling. â€Å"It’s good for a laugh.† Then he added, â€Å"Don’t be scared. I’ll protect you.† Jenny gave him a mock glare and leaned against him. When she was away from Tom, the skin of her forearm missed him, and so did her shoulder and her side and her hip. The right side because she always sat on Tom’s left. â€Å"Go get some of Joey’s crayons,† Dee was ordering Summer. â€Å"We’re going to need to draw a lot. Not just the paper dolls that are us; we’re also supposed to draw our worst nightmare.† â€Å"Why?† said Michael unhappily. â€Å"I told you. We have to face a different nightmare in every room. So we each draw one on a slip of paper and shuffle the papers and put them facedown on the floor of different rooms. Then when you get to a room, you can look at the slip and see what that person’s nightmare is.† Tom wiped his fingers on his jeans and went to sit by Dee on the couch, bending his head over the instructions. Summer jumped up to get crayons from Jenny’s little brother’s room. Zach, ignoring the rest of them, was working silently. Zach didn’t say anything unless he had something to say. â€Å"I think I’m going to like this,† Audrey said, judiciously placing furniture in the different rooms. She was humming a little, her polished nails gleaming, her hair shining copper under the track lighting. â€Å"Here are the crayons, and I found some colored pencils, too,† Summer said, returning with a Tupperware container. â€Å"Now we can all draw.† She rummaged through the sheets of glossy tagboard left in the box, finally producing one printed with human outlines. The paper dolls. They were all enjoying themselves. The game was a hit, the party a success. Jenny still felt cold inside. She had to admit, though, that there was a certain satisfaction in cutting neatly along dotted lines. It brought back long-ago memories. Coloring the paper dolls was fun, too, the Crayola wax sliding richly onto the stiff matte tagboard. But when it came to drawing on the rectangle of paper Summer gave her next, she stopped helplessly. Draw a nightmare? Her worst nightmare? She couldn’t. Because the truth was that Jenny had a nightmare. Her own, personal, particular nightmare, based on something that had happened long ago †¦ and she couldn’t remember it. She could never remember it when she was awake. The bad feeling was coming on, the one she sometimes got late at night. The scared feeling. Was she the only person in the world who woke up in the middle of the night sure that she’d discovered some awful secret-only, once she’d awakened, she couldn’t remember what it was? Who felt sick with fear over something she couldn’t remember? A picture flickered through her mind. Her grandfather. Her mother’s father. Thinning white hair, a kind face, tired, twinkling dark eyes. He had entertained her when she was five years old with souvenirs from far-off places and magic tricks that had seemed real to a child. His basement had been full of the most wonderful things. Until the day something had happened†¦. That last horrible day†¦ The flicker died, and Jenny was glad. The only thing worse than not remembering was remembering. It was better to just leave the whole thing buried. The therapists had said differently at the time, but what did they know? Anyway, she certainly couldn’t draw it. The others were all sketching assiduously. Tom and Dee were snickering together, using the lid of the game box as a desk. Summer was laughing, shaking back her soft light curls, drawing something with a lot of different colors. Zach was frowning over his nightmare, his face even more intense than usual; Audrey’s eyebrows were arched in amusement. â€Å"Where’s green? I need lots of green,† said Michael, hunting among the crayons. â€Å"What for?† asked Audrey, eyes narrowed. â€Å"Can’t tell you. It’s a secret.† Audrey turned her back on him, shielding her own paper. â€Å"That’s right, they’re secrets,† Dee agreed. â€Å"You don’t get to see them until you reach the room they’re in.† Nobody here could possibly have a secret from me, Jenny thought. Except Audrey, I’ve known them all forever. I know when they lost their first tooth and got their first bra. None of them could have a real secret-like mine. If she had one, why not the others? Jenny looked at Tom. Handsome Tom, headstrong and a little arrogant, as even Jenny had to admit, if only to herself. What was he drawing now? â€Å"Mine needs green, too. And yellow,† he said. â€Å"Mine needs black,† said Dee and chuckled. â€Å"All right, done,† Audrey said. â€Å"Come on, Jenny,† Tom said. â€Å"Aren’t you finished yet?† Jenny looked down at her paper. She had made a formless doodle around the edges; the middle was blank. After an embarrassed moment with everyone’s eyes on her, she turned the paper over and gave it to Dee. She would just have to explain later. Dee shuffled all the slips and put them facedown in various rooms on the upper floors. â€Å"Now we put our paper dolls in the parlor downstairs,† she said. â€Å"That’s where we all start. And there should be a pile of game cards in the box, Summer, to tell us what to do and where to move. Put them in a stack on the table.† Summer did while Audrey fixed the paper dolls on their little plastic anchors and set them up in the parlor. â€Å"We need just one more thing,† Dee said. She paused dramatically and then said, â€Å"The Shadow Man.† â€Å"Here he is,† Summer said, picking up the last sheet of stiff tagboard from the box. â€Å"I’ll cut out his friends first-the Creeper and the Lurker.† She did, then handed the figures to Audrey. The Creeper was a giant snake, the Lurker a bristling wolf. Their names were printed in blood-red calligraphy. â€Å"Charming,† Audrey said, snapping anchors on. â€Å"Anywhere in particular I’m supposed to put them, Dee?† â€Å"No, the cards will tell us when we meet them.† â€Å"Here’s the Shadow Man. He can shadow me if he wants; I think he’s cute,† Summer said. Audrey took the paper doll from her, but as she did Jenny grabbed her wrist. Jenny couldn’t speak. She couldn’t breathe, actually. It couldn’t be-but it was. There was no question about it. The printed face that stared up at her was unmistakable. It was the boy in black, the boy from the game store. The boy with the shocking blue eyes. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Hunter Chapter 3, Essay examples

Prepared to Highlight the Relevance of Special Probation

Question: Describe about the report prepared to highlight the relevance of special probation and the type of treatment that needs to be provided to people who are in jail? Answer: Introduction This report has been prepared to highlight the relevance of special probation and the type of treatment that needs to be provided to people who are in jail. The method that is selected for treating such people is quite different than treating the normal people. This is because; such individuals have no freedom and have more access to the possibilities of relapsing. People, who are in parole need additional assistance to earn livelihood, which becomes a challenge after being released from prison. Besides this, it is also necessary to integrate into the society in the best possible manner (Glaze, and Maruschak, 2008). Report This report has been prepared on the process that needs to be followed to help different types of people like the ones who are addicted towards the substance abuses and the others suffering from HIV/AIDS. The experts rendering such services usually analyse the severity of the issue that affects the individual who indulge into substance abuses. This would help in selecting the type of treatment or counselling services that needs to be provided to the members. It is quite important to provide the right type of treatment, as this will help the individual to overcome the problem. Besides this, it would also help in leading a healthy and normal life. In this process, an attempt has been made to develop the best strategies through which the consequences related to the substance abuse treatment can be introduced for different individuals. The type of treatment that needs to be provided to the individual would be decided after analysing the problem that is faced by prisoner. This is quite an important task, and the right steps or measures needs to be taken for handling the challenges. Through such treatment, the experts draft policies to help in increasing self-esteem and identity of the individual who is addicted towards the substance addiction. Due to such a factor, the individual is expected to face financial concerns. This is one of the reasons; the experts counsel with the individuals and find the seriousness of the issue. In this process, the experts and the individual together can face lots of barriers that are related to treatment. It is quite important to overpower the same, as this will help in minimising the impact of the same. Apart from this, the experts will also develop the best strategy through which the addicted individual would be motivated to make the best use of the treatment (McClelland et al., 2004). Prisoners suffering from dreadful disease like HIV/AIDS impact the confidence of the individual. In this case, it is quite important to help the prisoner to overcome the problem, without being negatively impacted. The role of social workers are well defined, as this will help them in undertaking the task that needs to be performed for helping such prisoners to lead a normal life. In this case, the job performed by the self-formed or self-help groups plays a key role in helping people suffering from HIV/AIDS. In this case, it is necessary to provide the right type of treatment to the patients or prisoners suffering from these dreadful diseases. Also, the supervision methods and conditions needs to be specified in the right manner. This will help in treating the patients in the right manner (Mumola and Karberg, 2007). In this case, the experts usually face lots of challenges that are associated with the process of providing the accurate treatment that would benefit the patients. In this process, the aftercare services and continuing care services has to be also provided. Such steps have to be taken in the right manner, as the patients and the experts would be benefitted. Treatment procedure In order to provide the right type of treatment, it is necessary to develop the strategy through which the behavioural aspects of the patient can be understood in the right manner. In this case, the information about the problem needs to be gathered by the experts. This also includes sharing few confidentiality issues that causes the problem in the patients. The program is developed on individual basis, as this would help the patients in recovering from the issue. Some of the programs that can be drafted by the individuals are 1. TASC or treatment accountability for safer communities. In this program, the programs are developed as per the individual needs. This is meant to help the patients to overpower the problem. 2. Drafting strategies for breaking the cycle that is followed by the individuals. This is meant to help the individual in analysing the cause of the issue. Such a step would help the individual to handle the problem in the right manner. The program is drafted as per the individual need and the strategies are discussed with the members (National Center for State Courts, 2012). In case of HIV/AIDS, the experts draft the program as per the severity of the issue. In this case, the below mentioned factors are taken care of 1. Recovery stages - In this program, the experts draft the best policy through which the strategies could be developed for helping the patients to understand the severity of the problem. This step would help in understanding the steps that needs to be followed for controlling the medical issue. 2. Special program - In this case, the program has to be developed depending upon the severity of the medical problem. The experts analyse the steps that would have to be followed by the patients, as this will help in recovering from the dreadful disease. Conclusion The medical problem and substance abuse are some of the serious issues that can affect the individual. Methods followed for providing the treatment has to be exclusively drafted, as this will help in analysing the challenges that are involved in the process of providing the best treatment. In this method, the issue has to be analysed, as this will help the patients in recovering from the problem soon. The programs are developed in individually, as this will help the patients in recovering from the problem without facing many issues on the same. References Glaze L, and Maruschak L, 2008. Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2008 (revised 2010). Available athttps://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmc.pdf (PDF, 337KB).McClelland G.M, Elkington K, Teplin A, and Abram K, 2004. Multiple substance use disorders in juvenile detainees. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43(10):12151224, 2004.Mumola C and Karberg J, Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007. Available athttps://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/dudsfp04.pdf (PDF, 441KB)National Center for State Courts, 2012. Virginia Adult Treatment Courts: Impact Study. https://www.courts.state.va.us/courtadmin/aoc/djs/programs/dtc/resources/2012_va_adult_dtc_impac t_study.pdfNational Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012. Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminal Justice P opulations. www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/podat_cj_2012.pdfRichmond Behavioral Health Authority, 2013. Agency website. www.rbha.org.Scarborough S, 2012. Reducing recidivism in returning offenders with alcohol and drug-related offenses: contracts for the delivery of authentic peer based recovery support services. Dissertation: Virginia Commonwealth University: Richmond, VA. https://sarahscarbrough.com/wp/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/scarbrough-dissertation.pdfVirginia Association of Community Services Boards, Inc, 2012. 2012 Overview of Community Services in Virginia. www.vacsb.org/Misc/CSB_Overview_2012.pdfVirginia Department of Criminal Justice Services, 2013. Review of Virginias Pre- and Post-Incarceration Services. https://leg2.state.va.us/dls/hsdocs.nsf/By+Year/RD3382013/$file/RD338.pdfWhite W, 2009. Peer-based Addiction Recovery Support: History, Theory, Practice, and Scientific Evaluation. Chicago, IL: Great Lakes Addiction Technology Transfer Center and Philadelphia Depa rtment of Behavioral Health and Mental Retardation Services. www.attcnetwork.org/regcenters/productDocs/3/PeerBased%20Recovery%20Support%20Services%20-Final%20Version%20w_Cover_June%2008%2009.pdf